Why Independent Service Providers Care About Scalability
   
     
Most wireless networks don't scale well from the time when they are serving only a few customers in a new community until the network grows to the point where a high percentage of the potential customers are being served.
 

Starting up service in a single community with WiMax or Cellular can cost up to $1 million for spectrum licenses, tower location rights and tower leasing fees. A tower typically covers a 5 mile service radius (75+ square miles). But when more than a thousand subscribers are served by a single tower, the tower's capacity usually becomes significantly congested. Adding more towers is very difficult because communities typically oppose the addition of more towers as unsightly in addition to the fact that towers are extremely expensive not to mention the cost of dealing with municipal governments in thousands of communities. In addition, physical obstacles such as hills and foliage often block transmission between a subscriber and a tower. So as tower based services become more successful, service quality, availability, and speed and throughput typically deteriorate seriously. Because of it's unique network architecture, SkyPipes can cover equivalet service areas for much less cost and subscribers will experience no loss in performance as the number of subscribers increases.

 
SkyPipes uses the rooftops of single story commercial buildings such as coffee shops, gas stations, etc. instead of towers. Six of our standard Subscriber Nodes are placed in a circle around the roof's edge to create the equivalent of our "tower" that we call an "Anchor Point". These nodes are barely visible. One Anchor Point can serve as few as 30 and as many as 500 subscribers. To start up a community with as few as 30 subscribers and a single Anchor Point serving an 6 mile radius (100+ square miles) can costs less than $60,000. As the subscriber base begins to exceed 500, the service provider simply adds another Anchor Point. The low profile and affordable costs of Anchor Points means that service can be easily and profitably expanded without the usual community relations and regulatory hassles and on a "pay-as-you-grow" basis.
 

The ability to offer service to an initially sparse base of subscribers and to expand gracefully to a dense base of subscribers is extremely important for the economic well-being of independent service providers. Unlike large incumbent providers, independents typically don't have the capital reserves available to spend large amounts of money "up-front" to open up new markets for their services. Also, independents often serve many small communities that are widely separated from one another. This makes the high community start-up costs of other approaches economically untenable.

At the other extreme, success (having lots of subscribers) often cripples other wireless network approaches because of the fundamental traffic capacity limitations of their network architectures. As more radio nodes are added to ordinary WiFi mesh networks each added radio becomes a de facto source of interference to every other radio node in its vicinity that it is not directly communicating with. SkyPipes avoids this by dynamically focusing its beams only at specific clusters of radios to which traffic is being momentarily directed. Unlike Anchor Points, towers are too costly and too objectionable to residents to locate large numbers of them them closer to subscriber neighborhoods. So because each tower must therefore serve larger numbers of subscribers, traffic congestion quickly compromises the service quality and availability provided by a single tower. SkyPipes maximizes network capacity by providing more low cost Anchor Points and by dynamically adjusting the power transmitted by each of its Anchor Point and subscriber relay nodes to just the amount required to reach the receiving node with a perfect signal. So when SkyPipes subscribers are very close to each other, there is little to no interference produced for any other nodes in the area. In a SkyPipes network each subscriber will typically receive from 15 to 20 times as much throughput (speed) as would be available from either a tower based or mesh network.

 

   
      Another serious limitation of ordinary mesh networks of the type that have been used in the many failed attemtps to build out metropolitan-wide WiFi networks is that the limited signal gain between nodes requires that thousands of non-revenue generating nodes need to be located through the service area just to maintain bare minimum connectivity and throughput throughout the mesh network. This was quickly proven to not be economically feasible. Because of the large distances that can be reached by SkyPipes' nodes and the aimability of those nodes, SkyPipes will not suffer from this problem.    
     
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Network Scalability
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